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Slasher films, such as ''Friday the 13th'', ''He Knows You're Alone'', ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'', and ''Prom Night'', feature acts of extreme violence portrayed in graphic detail. "The slasher film typically involves a killer who stalks and graphically murders a series of victims in a typically random, unprovoked fashion. The victims are usually teenagers or young adults who are away from mainstream civilization or far away from help. These films typically begin with the murder of a young woman and end with a one female survivor who manages to subdue the killer, only to discover that the problem has not been completely solved". Critics and researchers have claimed that these films portray: (1) Acts of extreme violence displayed in graphic detail (2) they are labeled as "women-in-danger" or "violence-to-women" films because women are singled out for injury and death and (3) scenes in these films are couples with explicit violence that contain sexual or erotic images encroaching vigorously on the verge of pornography. Carol Clover's ''Men, Women, and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film'' is generally thought of to be the cornerstone work of studying gender in slasher films. ==Women vs. men== Men are often praised and revered for their sexual prowess; however, women are often punished for sexual promiscuity. In slasher films, the final girls who survive at the end of the film almost always remain virgins; notable exceptions include ''Cabin in the Woods'' and ''Scream''. Those who engage in sexual behavior often die at the hands of the killer. Evidence produced from the Molitor and Sapolsky study on slasher films from 1980 to 1993 shows that "it takes women twice as long to die as men in these films" and "females are shown in terror for obviously longer periods of time than males".〔 Molitor and Sapolsky's data revealed huge differences between the treatment of men and women which indicate that females are singled out for victimization in special ways in these films. One of the studies they conducted is the number of seconds that males and females display fear in these films. If a person watched all 30 films in the Molitor and Sapolsky study, they would see a total of almost five solid hours of women in states of fear and terror. This compares to less than one hour for males.〔 Molitor and Sapolsky study also reported that the number of violent acts against males increased across the 1980s, but tended to decrease for females. Apparently, the producers were criticized for the depiction of women as victims in slasher films, so they toned down such attacks.〔 Linz and Donnerstein state that slasher films single out women for attack.〔 They argue that the female body count in slasher films should be examined in the context of other film genres. Linz and Donnerstein affirm that "across most television and film content females are less often murdered and brutalized than males by a very large margin."〔 Researchers do not specify the genres they compared the slasher films to for the level of aggression against women. The study is an attempt to test this assertion of Linz and Donnerstein compared with the genre selected for analysis which is popular action/ adventure films containing violence.〔 Gloria Cowan conducted a study on 57 different slasher films. Their results showed that the non-surviving females were more frequently sexual than the surviving females and the non-surviving males. Surviving as a female slasher victim was strongly associated with the absence of sexual behavior. In slasher films, the message appears to be that sexual women get killed and only the pure women survive. Slasher films reinforce the idea that female sexuality can be costly.〔 Films such as ''Fatal Attraction'' feature actresses sexualized for viewer pleasure. "Beth acts the perfect Total Woman, wearing clingy undershirts and bikini panties around the apartment, primping before the mirror in lacy black undergarments, making a voluptuous ritual out of the nightly bath and applying lipstick with sensuous strokes to the accompaniment of Dan's and the camera's admiring gaze. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gender in slasher films」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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